Snow Removal Regulations: What You Need to Know in Canada

If you know someone who lives outside of Canada then you probably get asked questions about winter all the time. People really do think we live in igloos and never get to experience summer. After all, Canadian winters are synonymous with snow-covered landscapes, ordering Tim Horton’s drive-thru even in a blizzard, and playing ice hockey! While the beauty and fun of a winter wonderland are undeniable (and we all love a silly question about Canadian winter), snow and ice do bring practical challenges, particularly when it comes to snow removal.

For homeowners, tenants, business owners, and even municipalities, clearing snow and ice isn’t just a matter of convenience – it’s often a legal requirement. Understanding the laws and regulations surrounding snow removal can save you from fines, liability issues, and safety hazards. Here’s what you should know about snow removal laws and regulations in Canada.

Snow Removal Laws Exist for a Reason

Snow removal laws are designed to:

  • Ensure public safety: Slippery sidewalks and roadways increase the risk of falls and accidents.
  • Promote accessibility: Clear pathways make it easier for pedestrians, especially those with mobility challenges, to navigate.
  • Prevent property damage: Snow and ice buildup can lead to structural damage and water leaks during thawing periods.
  • Reduce legal liability: Property owners can be held liable if someone slips and falls on their uncleared sidewalks or driveways.

General Snow Removal Rules Across Canada

Each province and municipality in Canada has its own specific rules regarding snow removal, but here are the general guidelines:

1. Sidewalk Clearing

Most cities and towns require property owners to clear snow and ice from sidewalks adjacent to their property. The time frame for doing so varies but is typically within 12 to 48 hours after a snowfall. For example:

  • Toronto: Homeowners must clear sidewalks within 12 hours after a snowfall ends.
  • Montreal: The city handles most sidewalk snow removal, but residents must ensure their driveways and pathways are clear.
  • Calgary: Residents must clear sidewalks within 24 hours after snowfall stops.

Failing to comply can result in fines ranging from $100 to over $1,000, depending on the municipality.

2. Driveway and Private Property

Clearing snow from your driveway and private property is generally your responsibility. While there are no legal penalties for leaving your driveway unshoveled, allowing snow to pile up can create accessibility issues and risks for visitors, which could result in liability.

3. Business Owners’ Responsibilities

Business owners are typically required to clear snow and ice from entrances, parking lots, and sidewalks surrounding their property. This ensures customer safety and compliance with local laws. Failure to do so can result in lawsuits or penalties.

4. Snow Disposal Regulations

Simply moving snow isn’t enough – where you place it matters, too! Many municipalities prohibit pushing snow onto public roads, sidewalks, or neighbours’ properties. For instance:

  • In Ottawa, it’s illegal to move snow onto streets or sidewalks, and violators can face fines
  • Halifax enforces rules against piling snow on public property to avoid obstructing visibility and access

5. Ice Control

In addition to snow removal, addressing ice is a critical part of winter maintenance. Spreading sand, salt, or de-icing products is often required to reduce slip-and-fall hazards.

6. Municipal Snow Clearing

Many municipalities handle snow removal on major roads and sidewalks, but the level of service varies. It’s important to understand what areas the city will clear versus what you are responsible for.

Legal Liability for Snow Removal

Failing to remove snow and ice can result in more than just fines – it can expose property owners to liability in the event of an accident. For example:

  • If someone slips and falls on an icy sidewalk outside your property, you could be held financially responsible for their injuries.
  • Business owners may face lawsuits if customers are injured due to uncleared pathways or parking lots.

To minimize risk, many property owners invest in liability insurance that covers winter-related incidents.

Tips for Staying Compliant with Snow Removal Laws

  • Stay Informed: Check your local bylaws to understand specific snow removal deadlines and regulations.
  • Plan Ahead: Stock up on snow-clearing tools and supplies, such as shovels, snowblowers, and de-icing products.
  • Hire Help: If you’re unable to clear snow yourself, consider hiring a local snow removal service that can stay on top of clearing snow and ice from your property and offer automatic dispatch services or emergency snow removal services.
  • Be Consistent: Clear snow promptly after every snowfall to prevent ice buildup and reduce effort over time.
  • Document Your Efforts: Keep records of snow-clearing activities, including dates and times, especially if you’re a landlord or business owner. This can protect you in the event of a dispute.

Spreading sand, salt, or de-icing products

Special Considerations for Landlords and Tenants

Landlords and tenants should clearly outline snow removal responsibilities in their lease agreements. In many cases:

  • Landlords are responsible for clearing common areas, such as parking lots and building entrances.
  • Tenants may be required to clear walkways or driveways for private use, depending on the agreement.

Failing to specify responsibilities can lead to misunderstandings and legal complications.

Protect Yourself, Your Property and Your Neighbours 

Snow removal laws and regulations in Canada are not just about avoiding fines – they’re about ensuring safety, accessibility, and community well-being during the winter months. By understanding and complying with these laws, you can protect yourself, your property, and your neighbours from unnecessary risks and liabilities.

Stay informed, act promptly, and, if necessary, seek professional help to manage snow and ice removal effectively. A little effort can go a long way in keeping your property safe and winter-ready.